Osteoporosis: A General Overview
Osteoporosis, also known as age related bone loss, is associated with several changes from the normal architecture of formed bone. The density of bone minerals is decreased, there is a definite misalignments and malformations to the typical micro-architecture, and the amounts and types of proteins are altered.
The exact causes of osteoporosis have yet to be identified, but it is generally agreed that it is a combination of biological, genetic, and environmental factors. It is accompanied by many signs; joint pain, back pain, increased bone fragility, and increased risk of fractured/broken bones. These fractures are most frequent in the hip, wrist, and vertebral column.
How Common is Osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is most commonly noted in post menopausal women over the age of 45. Osteoporosis is generally noted as a “female condition” as nearly 80% of all diagnosed cases of osteoporosis are female. It is noted to affect nearly half of all post menopausal women. However, men are diagnosed with osteoporosis as well.
Vitamin K: Essential?
Adequate intake of all vitamins is essential for assurance of overall general health. Vitamin K is no exception to this rule. Vitamin K is required by the body for the production of various proteins throughout the biological systems of the body. It is typically associated with blood clotting (coagulation) and the maintenance of bone density.
Osteoporosis and Vitamin K: The Connections
Scientific research has identified three specific vitamin K dependent proteins associated with bone formation and maintenance. This research has also identified correlations between vitamin K and age related bone loss (osteoporosis). The main vitamin K dependent protein is osteocalcin. Osteocalcin is currently used as a marker to identify bone formation.
Osteocalcin and Vitamin K: The Connections
Osteocalcin is a protein specific to dentin and bone. It is secreted by bone forming cells known as osteoblasts. The exact functions of osteocalcin remain unclear, but it is associated with bone mineralization, the regulation of bone formation, and the maintenance and regulation of calcium levels.
Vitamin K has been isolated and clearly linked to the production of osteocalcin in addition to two other proteins within the bone matrix. Osteocalcin is a vitamin K dependent protein. The exact circumstances of this dependency requires more scientific research for clearer connections.
Bone Density Screening
A non-invasive method exists for the measurement of bone density. There are two types of screening, peripheral and central. A central screening must be completed by a qualified x-ray technician. A peripheral screening is typically available at the local mall. A peripheral screening is not used for the purpose of diagnosis, but is available to increase awareness of overall bone health, and can be used as a sign that a central screening may be needed.
Central screenings are typically recommended by physicians in post menopausal women, and men with a family history or other risk factors. However, these recommendations change based on the individual and specific factors; family history of osteoporosis, location, age, lifestyle, and diet.
Find a great daily vitamin here.
Sources:
http://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/features/featured-nutrient-vitamin-k
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-information/DR602165
http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/vitamins/vitaminK/
