Ketoacidosis: A General Overview

Ketoacidosis is primarily a complication of the condition diabetes mellitus. When blood sugar levels are high and there is no insulin present that can be utilized by the cells, the body uses reserves from fat, releasing ketones that are harmful to the body. If not treated in a timely manner, ketoacidosis can be fatal, cause unconsciousness , coma, or severe brain damage.

Ketoacidosis: Signs and Symptoms

The development of signs and symptoms requires only a short period of time, typically less than 24 hours. There are many signs and symptoms associated with ketoacidosis.

• Elevated blood sugar
• High ketone levels
• Decreased appetite
• Unexplained weight loss
• Loss of breath
• Deep and slow breathing
• Excessive thirst
• Excessive urination
• Fatigue & weakness
• Nausea & vomiting
• Stomach pain
• Fruity-scented breath
• Dehydration

Causes of Ketoacidosis

Ketoacidosis is associated with individuals that have the condition of diabetes. Diabetics can either not produce or successfully utilize insulin. Insulin is responsible for the cells to effectively utilize glucose from the blood as an energy source. Hence, even if the glucose is present, without the presence of insulin, the glucose can not be used.

When the cells realize that energy is not available in the form of glucose, hormones are released for the use of alternate fuels from fat, causing increased ketones in the bloodstream. Ketones create an acidic environment. Ketoacidosis is also associated with a few underlying trigger mechanisms, typically underlying health problems.

• Emotional trauma
• Physical trauma
• Inadequate insulin therapy
• Insufficient fluid intake
• Infections (examples: urinary tract infection or pneumonia)
• Alcohol or drug abuse
• Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)
• Heart attack
• Stroke

Ketoacidosis: Risk Factors

There are several risk factors associated with ketoacidosis you should be aware of. The most common risk factor is the condition of diabetes mellitus, more commonly in type 1 diabetes. It is also possible in type 2 diabetes, but is more prevalent in obese children.

Age is an important factor in ketoacidosis as it is more common in children and teenagers, particularly under the age of 19. However, ketoacidosis can occur at any age. Ketoacidosis is also associated with the infusion of short acting insulin. Short acting insulin does not remain in the body long, if there is a malfunction, the insulin level will quickly drop.

Ketoacidosis: Prevention

The prevention of ketoacidosis is possible in the majority of cases. The first step to the prevention of any condition or disease is education. There exist many tips for avoiding diabetic signs and symptoms in addition to the prevention of ketoacidosis.

• Insulin Regulation: The proper regulation of insulin as prescribed by your physician is essential. You must take responsibility for your lifestyle and diet to include insulin as prescribed.

• Blood Sugar Monitoring: The monitoring of blood sugars is essential for any diabetic.
• Ketone Level Monitoring: Ketones should be monitored when blood sugar levels are determined to be high.
• Medical Advice: As always, if you experience any symptoms that are unusual or include nausea, vomiting, confusion, or severe pain, contact your physician.

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/diabetic-ketoacidosis/DS00674

http://diabetes.webmd.com/tc/diabetic-ketoacidosis-dka-topic-overview