Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes, also known as non-insulin dependent or adult-onset diabetes, is a condition that causes a malfunction in the metabolism of glucose (sugar). The condition of type 2 diabetes causes resistance to insulin. Insulin is responsible for the maintenance of blood sugar levels by controlling the absorption rates of sugar into cells. The resistance of cells to uptake insulin can cause a condition known as hyperglycemia, which is common in type 2 diabetics.

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is the condition of abnormally high amounts of glucose in the bloodstream. Normal blood sugar levels range from 70 – 150 mg/dL, dependent upon the particular circumstances. There are currently two types of hyperglycemia associated with type 2 diabetes.

Fasting Hyperglycemia

The process of fasting, abstaining from the intake of food or the intake of specific foods, has an effect on hyperglycemia. Fasting hyperglycemia is defined as any level of glucose greater than 90-130 mg/dL after a period of 8 hours of food abstinence.

Postprandial (After-Meal) Hyperglycemia

The absorption of glucose after meals has an effect on blood sugar levels. When high blood sugar levels are achieved after a meal, this is known as postprandial hyperglycemia. Levels of glucose in the blood greater than 180 mg/dL is considered to be postprandial hyperglycemia. Normal blood sugar levels after a meal typically do not reach levels greater than 140 mg/dL.

Diabetes: Causes of Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is associated with several causes in diabetics. The majority of hyperglycemic episodes are caused by dietary and lifestyle decisions that you can control. Medications must be prescribed and taken as directed by your physician.

• Over-eating
• Lack of Exercise
• Emotional Stress
• Physical Stress
• Medications: Not being used as directed.
• Infections
• Illness

Symptoms of Hyperglycemia

Diabetics should take care to monitor blood sugar levels to avoid the condition of hyperglycemia. It is normal for everyone to have occasional episodes of hyperglycemia, but it is especially common in diabetics. It is associated with several specific symptoms.

• Fatigue
• Nausea
• Blurred Vision
• Increased Thirst
• Dry Mouth
• Frequent Urination
• Weight Loss
• Concentration Difficulties
• Headaches

Hyperglycemia Treatments

• Exercise: Exercise is known to effectively lower blood sugar levels. However, if you have other conditions, exercise caution as well, as excess ketones in the urine can cause blood sugar levels to rise even higher with exercise.
• Control Eating Habits: Eating healthy foods and monitoring your overall intake of sugars is an effective way to lower and maintain healthy blood sugar levels.
• Medication Use: Medications are available for the treatment of both diabetes and hyperglycemia. Consult your doctor about any changes to these medications and be sure to use the medications as directed.
• Natural Remedies: There exist natural methods that aid in the regulation of healthy blood sugar levels in addition to a healthy diet and lifestyle.

References

http://diabetes.webmd.com/diabetes-hyperglycemia
http://diabetes.webmd.com/tc/type-2-diabetes-recently-diagnosed-overview
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hyperglycemia/DA00067